What is there
The Geological Survey mapped the area in 1989 and labelled the sites Apas 1 to 5. Apas 1 to 4 all lie on the north side of the Apas Kiri 2 river at about 160 to 180 m above sea level, and the surface features cover roughly 3 km².
- Apas 1: a 64°C spring at the foot of a 2 m travertine terrace. Its outflow has built a 2.5 m travertine cliff coated in brown and green algae.
- Apas 2: four springs on low travertine terraces at the river's edge, 41 to 65.5°C.
- Apas 3: a round mud pool about 5 m across, 62°C at its most active outlet.
- Apas 4, the "old steaming ground": a bare patch 75 m long where hot water (50 to 79°C) spouts from travertine cones up to 3.5 m high, between bubbling pools of 40 to 60°C.
- Apas 5: a pear-shaped mud pool about 50 by 40 m, 1.5 km north of Apas 4 on the Apas Kiri 3 river, at 57.5 to 60°C.
A 2000–2001 survey counted fifteen active features between 43 and 78°C, found five new springs and noted one that had dried up.
The water
Unlike the acidic sulphur springs in Tawau Hills Park, the water at Apas Kiri Hot Springs is near-neutral (pH about 6 to 8) sodium chloride water, high in bicarbonate. It is also high in arsenic: 150 to 250 ppm in the spring water, and over 2,400 ppm in travertine from the Apas 4 cones. Don't drink it or wash your face in it.
The geothermal project
Chemical geothermometers put the underground reservoir at roughly 190 to 220°C. AK-1D, described as Malaysia's first geothermal exploration well, was drilled here and reached about 200°C at 1,450 m. In 2016 Tawau Green Energy announced a 30 MW power plant at Apas Kiri. Construction stopped in mid-2016, and in December 2018 Parliament was told the project had been abandoned. We found nothing more recent on the site or on who controls access to it.
Safety
The mud pools look solid and are not. During the 2000–2001 survey the semi-hardened crust at Apas 4 gave way under a researcher, who sank about 1.5 feet into hot mud. Water at the spouts is close to 80°C.
Visiting
There are no facilities, signs or published visiting arrangements. The wider prospect runs from Tawau Hills Park on its northwest edge to oil palm and cocoa estates on the southeast, with the Andrassy Forest Reserve in the middle. A Sabah tourism ministry official, in an undated news clipping kept by UMS, named the "conical spouts" at Andrassy as a volcanic attraction reachable from Tawau town, but gave no access details. Researchers in 2001 proposed a bathing park like Poring here; that never happened.
Getting there
Apas Kiri Hot Springs lie about 25 km from Tawau town, just north of Gunung Andrassy. In 2001 a jeep track crossed the southern part of the Apas 4 steaming ground. We found no public route description, and the land around it is forest reserve, plantation and former geothermal project ground, so get permission before going in. The map pin is approximate, read from the 1991 Geological Survey location map.
Before you go
- Get permission before going near the site. It sits among forest reserve, estates and an abandoned geothermal project, not a tourist attraction.
- Never walk on the mud pools. The crust at Apas 4 gave way into hot mud under a researcher in 2001.
- The water and travertine are high in arsenic. Don't drink it, and rinse off splashes.
- Water at the Apas 4 spouts is up to 79°C. Keep hands out of the cones.
- For a hot soak nearby, use Tawau Hot Springs at Kampung Air Panas.
Questions people ask
Can you visit Apas Kiri Hot Springs?
There is no public access information and no facilities. The area sits among forest reserve, estates and an abandoned geothermal project, so you would need permission from whoever manages the land.
How hot are Apas Kiri Hot Springs?
Surveys recorded 41 to 79°C at the springs and spouts, and 57 to 62°C in the mud pools. The reservoir below is estimated at around 200°C.
What happened to the Apas Kiri geothermal power plant?
Tawau Green Energy announced a 30 MW plant here in 2016. Work stopped in mid-2016, and Parliament was told in December 2018 that the project had been abandoned.
Are there volcanic hot springs in Malaysia?
Yes, only in Sabah. The springs around the Maria volcanic complex near Tawau, including Apas Kiri, are Malaysia's only hot springs of volcanic origin; the rest are heated by granite intrusions.
Can you swim at Apas Kiri Hot Springs?
No. There are no bathing pools, the hottest water is near 80°C, and the water is high in arsenic.
Other springs within 150 km
Sources
Facts on this page were checked against these sources. Prices and hours change; confirm with the operator before a long drive.
- Lim Peng Siong, Francis Intang & Chan Fook On (1991), Geothermal prospecting in the Semporna Peninsula with emphasis on the Tawau area, Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin 29, pp. 135–155
- Chong & Mohd. Noh (2001), The Andrassy geothermal prospect, Malaysia, Proc. 23rd NZ Geothermal Workshop
- GeoSM Malaysia: Air panas volkanik di Sabah (2021)
- Nurul Afiqah Rosli et al. (2022), What makes a hot spring, hot?, Warta Geologi 48(1), pp. 30–35
- Insights into the Apas Kiri geothermal system from AK-1D, Malaysia's first geothermal exploration well (ResearchGate)
- The Star (8 August 2016): Malaysia's first geothermal power plant to open in Tawau
- Bernama via Malay Mail (6 December 2018): Sabah geothermal power plant project found abandoned, Dewan Rakyat told
- Wikipedia: Sabah (energy section, Apas Kiri geothermal plant)
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah news archive: Promoting volcano tourism at Tawau Hills Park plan
- OpenStreetMap: Gunung Andrassy and Sungai Apas Kiri
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